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# Global Commons Fund

For responsible management of the global commons

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## Pages

- [Welcome](https://globalcommonsfund.org/) - How can we more effectively protect the global commons? What is the role of philanthropy? The Global Commons Fund (GCF) is a partner of the Global Commons Commission. GCF initiatives include managing funding, operating educational programs for the philanthropic sector, and developing public/private/philanthropic partnerships. Founded in 2025, the GCF unites grantmakers, philanthropic advisors, subject-matter experts,
- [8.6 – Markets and Consumers Can Shape Global Policy](https://globalcommonsfund.org/markets-and-consumers-can-shape-global-policy/) - > In recent decades, voluntary business practices, consumer preferences, and market incentives have become seeds of global governance. When firms adopt ethical standards, when consumers choose “better” products, and when markets reward those choices, these voluntary self-governance practices can mature into international law and binding frameworks. In other words: businesses and
- [The White Paper](https://globalcommonsfund.org/white-paper/) - >> Go to Part 1 White Paper on the Global Commons and Philanthropy The global commons – the air and water we share, etc. – are under-protected. As a result, our planet is facing grave ecological and geopolitical risks. Can humanity come together to create new systems for responsible management of the global commons? If
- [8.7 – Technology Innovated States and Global Opportunity](https://globalcommonsfund.org/technology-innovated-states-and-global-opportunity/) - > The concept of new virtual nations has circulated for decades. In 1997, Nation.1 was proposed as an online nation to be owned, populated and governed by young people. More recently, various innovators in the cryptocurrency space have sketched proposals to deploy blockchain technology to enable virtual citizenship and governance
- [8.8 – A New Approach to Global Economic Cooperation](https://globalcommonsfund.org/a-new-approach-to-global-economic-cooperation/) - > International trade provides important current benefits and also presents vital and dramatic opportunities. The benefits are widely understood yet worth restating. First, it’s a means of allocating resources nonviolently across borders, based on economics rather than warfare and conquest. Second, as the populations of different countries forge trade relationships,
- [8.5.3 – Bank Charters and Transaction Fees](https://globalcommonsfund.org/bank-charters-and-transaction-fees/) - > A bank charter is a legal authorization that allows an entity to operate as a bank. Alternative bank charters have been used for years to promote new kinds of financial inclusion, business cooperatives and community benefit sharing. The Global Alliance for Banking on Values (GABV) manages a global
- [People](https://globalcommonsfund.org/people/) - We are grateful to the following co-authors and advisors for helping to make the Global Commons Fund possible.White Paper Co-AuthorsAna Beatriz Freitas Silva, Amazon Investor CoalitionAnna Neistat, InterJustAshley Bell, Redemption Bank Holding CompanyCynda Collins Arsenault, One Earth Future Foundation / Secure World FoundationDaniel Kull, World Meteorological OrganizationDawn Nakagawa, Berggruen InstituteEmma Belcher, Ploughshares FundEoin Jackson, Climate
- [8.0 - Global Governance Innovations and the 21st Century](https://globalcommonsfund.org/global-governance-innovations-and-the-21st-century/) - > According to the thinker and change catalyst Buckminster Fuller, “You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, you can build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.”The combination of global urgency and revolutionary technology make this vision possible today and the transformation
- [4.13 – Governance of Outer Space Activities](https://globalcommonsfund.org/governance-of-outer-space-activities/) - > As the sphere of human economic, scientific and cultural activities has expanded off the surface of the Earth, space has emerged as a new global common that borders all nations, a common that a growing number of nations rely upon, yet one that still only a relatively small
- [7.0 - Global Citizenship and Pluralism](https://globalcommonsfund.org/global-citizenship-and-pluralism/) - > 7.1 – Global CitizenshipCitizenship is membership in and allegiance to a sovereign state. The victory of democracies at the end of the Cold War encouraged people everywhere to embrace democratic ideals and explore allegiances greater than singular nations. Democratic expansion inspired a search for broader affiliations – across borders,
- [4.7 - Strengthening Nuclear Governance](https://globalcommonsfund.org/strengthening-nuclear-governance/) - > Nuclear weapons pose an existential risk not only because of their unparalleled destructive power, but also due to their sheer number, the acceleration of proliferation, and the fragility of global governance mechanisms. Today there are over 12,000 nuclear warheads in the world – nearly 90% held by Russia
- [9.0 – Legitimacy, Celebrity and the Voices of Indigenous People](https://globalcommonsfund.org/legitimacy-celebrity-and-the-voices-of-indigenous-people/) - > In an increasingly interconnected world, the legitimacy of global decision-making has never been more vital. As climate change, pandemics, armed conflict, and economic inequality transcend national borders, decisions made at the global level affect billions of people, often without their direct participation or consent. As Lisa Dellmuth and
- [Apply](https://globalcommonsfund.org/apply/) - Global Commons Card Sign-Up First Name Last Name Email By submitting your information, you agree to be contacted with updates about the Global Commons Credit and Debit Card, and about our campaigns to advance inclusive global governance and manage the global commons responsibly. Your personal data will not be sold, rented, or shared with third
- [Subscribe](https://globalcommonsfund.org/subscribe/) - Subscribe for UpdatesWe’ll keep emails to a minimum and only write when we have important news or opportunities. First Name Last Name Your Company / Organization Your Email Tell us about yourself
- [3.0 - Introduction: Crisis and Opportunity](https://globalcommonsfund.org/introduction-crisis-and-opportunity/) - > Humanity and nature are on the verge of multiple global tipping points, where small changes can lead to large, possibly irreversible shifts in our planetary system. The risks range from biodiversity collapse and catastrophic climate change to the breakout of rogue AI and disruption of the international rule
- [Global Commons Bank Cards](https://globalcommonsfund.org/the-card/) - If you could help save the Amazon rainforest, stabilize the ocean, and prevent rogue AI merely by switching credit cards and paying less in transaction fees, would you do it? Currently, your credit card is regulated by governments and treaties that don’t have the jurisdiction or systems needed to effectively manage these issues, or those
- [4.5 - Preventing International Conflict](https://globalcommonsfund.org/preventing-international-conflict/) - > The world community has yet to create a global governance authority capable of guaranteeing security and preventing international aggression, despite major attempts following each of the two world wars.After World War I, the League of Nations was formed, for the purpose of enabling world peace and security through
- [8.2 – A Global Commons Fund](https://globalcommonsfund.org/a-global-commons-fund/) - > Many international issues could be addressed effectively if there was a permanent source of revenue adequate to fund solutions. Several examples of global funds merit attention. Founded in 2002, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS has helped to slow the HIV epidemic, saving an estimated 60 million lives since
- [4.6 - No Safe Haven for War Criminals](https://globalcommonsfund.org/no-safe-haven-for-war-criminals/) - > Despite having gained significant traction in the last century, the promise of international justice risks being overshadowed by the reality of impunity as global conflicts multiply and respect for international norms erodes. Following the Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials for atrocities committed during the Second World War, international justice mechanisms
- [1.0 - A Possible Future - Opening Fictional Narrative](https://globalcommonsfund.org/a-possible-future-opening-fictional-narrative/) - > The day started too early. Ana emerged from her small apartment to greet the streets of her new home, where she’d recently started college – a country that was technically a democracy. She questioned that reality more and more every week. The country’s erratic leader seemed to issue
- [Privacy Policy](https://globalcommonsfund.org/privacy/) - The Global Commons Fund (GCF) is committed to protecting your privacy and ensuring the security of any personal information you provide to us. This Privacy Policy outlines how we collect, use, store, and protect your information when you interact with our website and services.Information We CollectWe may collect personal information such as your name, email
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- [8.5.2 – Payment Networks](https://globalcommonsfund.org/payment-networks/) - > While developers iterate and reformers wait for a global currency solution, networks of payment processors could serve as a stepping stone to develop solutions in an incremental manner.Payment networks are already global. Created in 1973, the SWIFT network hosts a messaging platform through which international payments are made,
- [11.0 – Further Reading](https://globalcommonsfund.org/further-reading/) - > There are many books that have sketched some of this potential. George Monbiot’s The Age of Consent is a stirring manifesto for a more egalitarian and participatory global future. A World Parliament, by Jo Leinen and Andreas Bummel, emphasizes the history of cosmopolitan thought and the UN Parliamentary
- [4.11 – Pandemic Prevention and Bioweapons](https://globalcommonsfund.org/pandemic-prevention-and-bioweapons/) - > The recent COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the interdependency of the world and the need for swift and effective government intervention at key moments. At least 7 million deaths remind us that we are all at risk, no matter where public health threats originate. Previously, the Ebola outbreak in 2014 revealed
- [10.2 – Rapid Scaling is Possible](https://globalcommonsfund.org/rapid-scaling-is-possible/) - > Of course, achieving more robust global governance will require more than just articles like this one. You are invited to join us on this world-changing mission, beginning with two critical next steps. We can and must: (1) generate a new dialogue across society about the needs and opportunities in global
- [10.1 – Philanthropy is Stepping Up](https://globalcommonsfund.org/philanthropy-is-stepping-up/) - > Recently, a handful of leading philanthropists and grantmakers have made important moves to support global governance reform. Some have focused on the structural elements of governance, while others have focused on specific issues.To help grapple with the structural challenges of globalization, in the 1990s and early 2000s, the
- [10.0 – The Leading Edge](https://globalcommonsfund.org/the-leading-edge/) - > While the global issues examined in this study pose extraordinary risk, solutions do exist. Even if the global commons is under-managed today, it doesn’t have to be that way tomorrow. For each pitfall in the current multilateral system that is called out by skeptics, innovators have illustrated a
- [8.5.1 – Global Currencies](https://globalcommonsfund.org/global-currencies/) - > Proposals to create a single global currency date back at least to 1944, when John Maynard Keynes proposed the Bancor (a supranational unit of account for settling trade imbalances) during the Bretton Woods conference, the same conference that created the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The global currency
- [8.5 – Global Currencies, Payment Networks, Bank Charters and Transaction Fees](https://globalcommonsfund.org/global-currencies-payment-networks-bank-charters-and-transaction-fees/) - > The 2009 invention of the Bitcoin demonstrated the possibility to decouple currencies from nation states, thereby unleashing the financial imagination and inevitability of global currencies. This change, together with citizen-level payment innovation, updated bank charters, and democratized transaction fee structures, all point to new opportunities for global commons
- [8.4 – Carbon Markets and Carbon Rewards](https://globalcommonsfund.org/carbon-markets-and-carbon-rewards/) - > One of the most critical ecosystem services today is carbon sequestration and storage, which involves the protection, management, and support of ecosystems capable of capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) and storing it in a stable form. This service plays a direct role in climate change mitigation by reducing
- [8.3 – Payments for Ecosystem Services](https://globalcommonsfund.org/payments-for-ecosystem-services/) - > Due to the interconnected nature of environmental change processes, the impacts of climate change in one locality are often linked — through an aggregation effect — to regional and global dynamics. Ecosystems, ecological processes, and environmental services do not respect national borders. Therefore, the challenge of managing common
- [8.1 – Inclusive Global Governance and Modern Technology](https://globalcommonsfund.org/inclusive-global-governance-and-modern-technology/) - > The heart of governance is our set of processes for making decisions as a world community.To review, in our current system, only countries have formal agency at the global level. Countries cooperate to varying degrees through the UN and related treaties, as we’ve seen. Civil society groups attempt
- [6.0 – Attempts at Reform](https://globalcommonsfund.org/attempts-at-reform/) - > There is a rich history of attempts to reform and democratize global governance. In the aftermath of World War 2, the World Federalist movement surged to prominence, calling for a federation of countries under a global government in order to prevent future wars. Winston Churchill spoke in favor of
- [4.8 - Inequality and the Need for Global Taxation](https://globalcommonsfund.org/inequality-and-the-need-for-global-taxation/) - > Observers on both sides of the political aisle attribute the recent wave of support for authoritarianism to a widespread sense that regular people are being left behind while elites enjoy lives of privilege.Throughout history, inequality has correlated closely with instability. Inequality has also been a key factor in
- [5.0 – Global Governance Success Stories](https://globalcommonsfund.org/global-governance-success-stories/) - > Global governance works when we invest in it and support it. A few key examples:The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a treaty phasing out chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons that are known to deplete this layer of Earth’s atmosphere that protect us from harmful
- [4.12 – Refugees](https://globalcommonsfund.org/refugees/) - > There are 43.7 million refugees worldwide at last count (June 2024), according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), which defines refugees as “people who have fled their countries to escape conflict, violence, or persecution and have sought safety in another country.” Natural
- [4.10 – AI Governance](https://globalcommonsfund.org/ai-governance/) - > Generative Artificial Intelligence, the harnessing of digital technology to perform human-like tasks, has emerged as an increasingly mainstream toolset and a force broadly disruptive of the status quo since the launch of ChatGPT, alongside competing offerings from all the major technology players. This active frontier of technological innovation holds
- [4.9 - Grand Corruption, Illicit Trade, Money Laundering, Financial Offshoring, and Corporate Accountability](https://globalcommonsfund.org/grand-corruption-illicit-trade-money-laundering-financial-offshoring-and-corporate-accountability/) - > Cracks in our fragmented global system enable international transactions of many kinds that are illegal in most countries. Examples include human trafficking and black market trades in human organs, weapons, antiquities, gold, endangered species, protected natural resources such as timber, illegal drugs, stolen and counterfeit goods, and pirated
- [4.4 - Global Environmental Governance](https://globalcommonsfund.org/global-environmental-governance/) - > Beyond issues of climate, oceans and forests, there are many other global level environmental concerns as well as governance mechanisms and proposals to manage them. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was created after the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in June 1972. It
- [4.1 - The Climate](https://globalcommonsfund.org/the-climate/) - > Humanity’s attempts at international solutions to the climate crisis so far are not working. Successfully reversing the trend toward disaster will require transforming our existing mechanisms with more robust global governance. Our primary existing mechanism, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is just that, a framework,
- [4.2 - Tropical Deforestation, the Amazon, and the Global Water Cycle](https://globalcommonsfund.org/tropical-deforestation-the-amazon-and-the-global-water-cycle/) - > Tropical forests are home to the highest concentrations of biodiversity in the world. The Amazon forest itself may be home to an estimated 30% of all species. It also serves as a central pump of the global water cycle. Evapotranspiration from the Amazon forest creates flying rivers that
- [4.3 - The Ocean](https://globalcommonsfund.org/the-ocean/) - > The world’s oceans act as a carbon “sink”, absorbing nearly one third (31%) of the CO2 released into the atmosphere globally and also absorbing 90% of excess heat. They also provide vital food supplies, accounting for 17% of animal protein worldwide. And, they are the main pathway for
- [4.0 - Global Problems Need Global Solutions](https://globalcommonsfund.org/global-problems-need-global-solutions/) - > Many transnational issues are interconnected. The structural limitations that impede progress on one likely affect many others. What are these issues? What is the history of our attempts to address them as a global community? What are the treaties and institutions that have been created to make collective
- [2.0 - Abstract](https://globalcommonsfund.org/abstract/) - > This white paper explores an emerging vision for 21st-century global governance centered on the stewardship of the global commons—resources like the climate, oceans, outer space, and digital infrastructure that transcend national borders. Through a compelling narrative and rigorous analysis, the paper argues that existing multilateral systems are inadequate
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